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The Japanese shelled the island in 1942 and the men living on Jarvis were evacuated soon afterward. A settlement called Millersville was established on the west coast of the island because of it was the highest elevation. Also, Settlers were moved to Jarvis Island in 1935 to maintain a weather station and plan a landing field. Ruins of ten wooden buildings, and a two-story house among them, could still be seen by the Amaranth crew, who left Jarvis aboard two lifeboats. There is no evidence that the island has ever supported a native human population, but on August 30, 1913, the Amaranth was carrying a cargo of coal from Newcastle, New South Wales, to San Francisco when it crashed on Jarvis' southern shore. The island has a tropical desert climate, with high temperatures in the day, constant wind, and a very hot sun. Its grass, vines and low-growing bushes are primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for wildlife. Jarvis Island has no ports or docks, other than a reef the guano miners blew up in order for the cargo boats to be able to drop anchor. This creates a very bleak, flat landscape with plants no larger than shrubs. Jarvis has no known natural freshwater sources, and very little rain. Located 25 miles south of the equator, Jarvis Island, is an uninhabited coral island located in the South Pacific Ocean. The United States treats it as a nature reserve. People used to mine guano there, but they then abandoned it. Jarvis Island was officially made part of the United States in 1858. The small island is a part of the United States Minor Outlying Islands, a group of mostly uninhabited islands. Jarvis Island ( / ˈ dʒ ɑːr v ɪ s/ formerly known as Bunker Island) is an uninhabited island owned by the United States. Location of Jarvis Island in the Pacific Ocean